SILENT GENERATOR

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Pumped storage is a storage form of energy. Relatively low cost of electricity, the large base load coal-fired turbines, nuclear plants to generate steam or electricity generators renewable fuel, is used to pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir during periods low demand (early morning and weekends). The pumping operation is the duty cycle of energy storage process. During periods of peak demand, when energy costs are high, the water in the upper reservoir is released and generates energy. The operation of generation is the cycle of discharge of energy storage process

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The main components of a pumped storage project are the water-conducting upper and lower reservoirs, a power house motor reversible pump turbines and electric generators and a high-transmission lines. The efficiency hydraulic, mechanical and electrical determine overall cycle efficiency. The overall cycle efficiency ranges from pumped storage plants 65 to 80 percent.

Projects conventional pumped storage are often built on the basis of the large power-generating load such as nuclear and coal plants. The pumped storage plant complements the large base load plant, providing load guaranteed during the morning hours, when system demand is low. Pumped storage is also desirable in the case of nuclear power plants, which can provide frequency control and reserve generation is required to maintain the functioning of vital cooling pumps. Estimates of the ideal blend of power and storage of conventional energy generation suggest that the pumped storage should amount to 6 to 8% of the total capacity of power generation.

The most common type of pure pumped storage is shaping out of sequence. The outside of the current configuration consists of a lower reservoir into a stream, river or other water source, and a tank outside the mainstream, at higher altitudes. It is possible to construct an off-stream storage project pumping on the reservation outside the current is lower altitudes, such as an abandoned mine or underground cavern.

Another type of pumped storage is the pump-back project, which uses two tanks in series. A pump new project is a hydroelectric project with a conventional pump storage cycle-imposed on the normal operation of hydropower. Two reservoirs located in series in the same stream used in the houses of the upper dam of the pumping power and generating installation. The aim of the new pump is to increase the capacity of the company during peak hours of the main dam. This is accomplished by pumping from the reservoir downstream during periods of low load so that additional water is available for use from generation to periods of high demand.

The latest development in pumped storage technology is the introduction of variable speed motor and electric generators. With this technology of pumped storage projects have realized a substantial increase in operational capabilities. Three main benefits are used to justify the use of adjustable speed drives Hydro are: (1) frequency regulation mode of the pump (2) the charge pump and (3) increase overall operational efficiency.

With adjustable speed, you can operate the pump mode in the range of 60% to 100% of its rated capacity. This means that an adjustable speed drive pumping power can change and provide load following mode of the pump. Thus, expensive oil and natural gas powered electric generators can be closed and the adjustable speed pumped storage unit can take the load following capabilities. Charge pump also allows for greater flexibility of operation on the shoulder of pumping.

A conventional pumped storage with a single speed machine can only provide frequency regulation mode generation. With adjustable speed, you can establish a regulatory framework frequently, both in pumping and generating modes. A speed adjustable pump storage unit can take over the regulatory functions of frequency in pump mode and the high cost of oil or gas combustion turbines can be shut down or operated at peak efficiency. In an open market, this also means added revenue from the sale of frequency regulation capacity as an ancillary service.

The increase results from the overall efficiency of the pump that adjustable speed turbines can operate at maximum efficiency, both the pump and generating modes. With a conventional single speed, the turbine pump can only achieve maximum efficiency in one of two ways - not both.

With adjustable speed, it is possible to operate the turbine pump from under the head and flow conditions that would otherwise not be possible due to the vibration conditions. This translates into less wear and tear of the machine, seals and bearings. Thus, the time between maintenance stops and checks can be increased. With adjustable speed operation, it is possible to avoid operating in situations of cavitation at the pump / turbine life is extended.

High speed controls used in adjustable speed machine to program the machine to use the angular momentum stored in the rotating mass of the machine and inject or absorb energy to the grid and are damped oscillations of energy for system events transient. Hydro with an adjustable speed generator, both the production of active and reactive power can be changed very quickly in the range of 10 to 30 ms. This is possible due to the ability to make rapid changes to the frequency of rotor current. Therefore, the active power supplied or extracted from the generator terminals can be changed quickly without affecting the frequency of the network. The ability to exert rapid control over the excitation system can also benefit from control in the pump mode when the unit is operating at the head down.